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法 規 報 導
Laws and
Regulations
1、公平會審理技術授權協議案件處理原則
近年來隨著科技發展與進步，國際性技術交易及技術授權之糾紛案件亦隨之增加，行政院公平交易委員會為處理有關技術授權協議案件之爭議，爰參考該會以往相關案例之經驗，及我國目前產業發展之現況，並參酌美國、日本及歐盟有關技術授權之相關規定，於九十年一月十八日第四八一次委員會議決議通過「行政院公平交易委員會審理技術授權協議案件處理原則」，除揭示該會審理技術授權協議案件之適用範圍、基本原則、審查分析步驟及審酌事項暨技術授權協議內容常見之行為類型。
1.Principles for Handling of Technology Licensing Cases
Along with the advancement of technology, international technology trading and disputes over licensing have also increased. As an aid to handling disputes, the Executive Yuan's Fair Trade Commission has reviewed relevant past cases with reference to the current state of the domestic economy, and has also reviewed regulations governing technology licensing in the US, Japan, and the EU. The "Principles for Handling Technology Licensing Cases" were passed at the 481st Commission meeting on 18 January 2001. Those principles explain the scope of FTC case handling, the criteria used, steps in the evaluation process, and aspects of cases relevant to the evaluation. The principles also list commonly occuring features of technology licensing agreements.
行 政 報 導
Administrative
Measures and Enforcement
2、智慧局設置駐中正機場及基隆著作權文件核驗中心
經濟部智慧財產局為辦理核驗著作權文件業務，特設置該局駐中正機場及基隆核驗中心（以下簡稱核驗中心），並於日前訂定該局駐中正機場及基隆核驗中心設置及管理要點。前揭核驗中心隸屬該局著作權組，辦理輸出視聽著作（限VHS、VCD、DVD、CDROM、LD）及代工鐳射唱片（CD）著作權文件核驗事項，及關於前款核驗業務之諮詢服務、申請書表提供等事項。
2.IPO Establishes Keelung, CKS Airport Copyright Document Inspection Centers
The Intellectual Property Office recently established border inspection centers at Keelung and the CKS international airport in order to carry out procedures under the "Copyright Document Inspection Procedures for Export of Audiovisual Works and OEM Audio CDs". Regulations regarding the establishment and operation of these two in
spection centers were also implemented. The inspection centers are under the jurisdiction of the IPO's Copyright Department and handle service inquiries and applications for inspections of exports of audiovisual copyrighted works (VHS, VCD, DVD, CDROM, and LD) and OEM audio CDs. The inspection centers are also charged with carrying out the inspections of exports of these products.
「二維條碼專利表單自動輸入系統」安裝程式歡迎索取
經濟部智慧財產局於日前表示，各界如欲索取「二維條碼專利表單自動輸入系統」安裝程式，除可逕洽該局資訊室林恒如小姐（TEL：0227380007分機：1103
）；亦可直接至該局網站之“便民服務/申請表格（http：//www.moeaipo.gov.tw/sub5/sub531.htm）”連結下載安裝程式；另外中文造字安裝程式亦已置於該局網站，如有需要者亦可自行下載安裝使用，並可一併下載編碼表，俾便查詢參考。
2D Bar Code Patent Form Available for Downloading
The Intellectual Property Office of the MOEA has announced that the software for their "2D code automatic application system" is available for downloading. Interested parties may contact Mi
ss Lin Herngru at the Information Office (02
27380007. ext. 1103), or visit the IPO website (http：/www.moeaipo.gov.tw/sub5/sub531.htm).
Chinese "createacharacter" software is also available for downloading from the site, and the code table is available for reference.
4、我國擬研發專利電子申請系統
經濟部智慧財產局於日前指出，為期我國專利審查技術暨行政作業更有效率，應可參考美國專利電子申請及查詢系統，及韓國專利電子化申請及行政系統，研發我國專利電子申請系統之可能性。
緣美國專利商標局（USPTO）全力推動專利電子申請系統及查詢系統(PAIR及EFS)業務，專利申請人可經由網際網路到專利電子業務中心系統申請註冊，。該系統提供可免費下載之軟體，並可計算規費，及可確認申請內容且予加密後即傳送申請案至USPTO之電子郵件室。嗣後，申請人並可查詢相關申請案辦理流程及進度。透過此系統確可達快速且安全性高之目標。
而韓國自一九九九年一月二日開始推行電子化申請及行政系統 (KIPONET)，為發展此系統，韓國在過去三年內投入四、七００人/月，及二、六００萬美元，該系統係建置在內外網域基礎下，運用新科技如數位簽章及資料隱藏作為安全控管，以目標導向之資料庫設計作為異動版本管理，以資料倉儲作為處理程序分析。在改善審查品質方面，KIPONET進用博士級審查官審理生物科技等新進技術、加強審查官訓練、發展電腦輔助檢索系統。審案負荷量也因增加外部前案檢索而緩和，審查之技術分野從一九九七年之二０六類降到一九九八年之一七一類，期能提高審查品質。
Taiwan Considers Development of EFS for Patents
The Intellectual Property Office (IPO) of the MOEA recently pointed out that for greater efficiency in patent examination and administrative procedures, a study should be made of the US system for electronic patent application and information retrieval, as well as a similar system in Korea, to ascertain the feasibility of setting up such a system in Taiwan.
The US Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) has been promoting use of its electronic filing system (EFS) and patent information retrieval system (PAIR). Those wishing to file a patent can apply for registration over the Internet through the use of free downloadable software, which will assist them in calculating fees, checking the completeness of the application, and encrypting the application for submission to the USPTO. The applicant may then continue to retrieve information on the progress of the examination. The system allows for both speed and security in electronic filing of patents.
On 2 January 1999, Korea began using its own Patent electronic filing and administration system, or "KIPONET." A total of 4,700 man/months and US$26 million were invested in developing the intraand extranetbased system. Security feat
ures include use of electronic signatures and information hiding. Objectoriented databases and data warehousing are used for analysis and monitoring changes. The quality of review procedures has been enhanced through
employing examiners with advanced degrees relevant to new technology patents in areas such as biotechnology. Training of examiners has been improved and computerassisted archive search systems developed. Case burdens have been reduced through implementing external examination of prior art, and
technology examination categories have been re duced from 206 in 1997 to 171 as of 1998, which is expected to further enhance the quality of examination procedures.
5、一九九九年我國向美、日、歐申請專利暨核准件數情形
茲據經濟部智慧財產局彙整之資料顯示，1999年國人向美國申請專利案件計11392件，較1998年案件數7627件，增加49.36%，排名第四。而公告核准案件共4526件，較1998年案件數3805件，增加18.95%，排名第四。
另1999年國人向歐洲專利局申請專利案件計212件，較1998年案件數150件，增加41.33%。而公告核准案件共49件，較1998年案件數41件，增加19.51%。因國人至歐洲專利局申請及核准專利案件量較少，故無排名。
而1999年國人向日本特許廳申請專利案件計1907件，較1998年案件數1623件，增加17.49﹪，排名第六。另公告核准案件共1362件，較1998年案件數1
177件，增加15.71﹪，排名第四。
Taiwan Shows Dramatic Rise in Patent Approvals in U.S, Europe, Japan
According to information provided by the Intellectual Property Office, Taiwan pplicants in 1999 filed 11,392 patent applications in the United States, an increase of 49.36% from the 7,627 applications filed in 1998. Taiwan ranked fourth in the number of patent applications in 1999 as well as in the number of approved patents in 1999. The number of approved patents in 1999 was 4,526, an increase of 18.95% from the figure of 3,805 in 1998.
In 1999, Taiwan applicants filed 212 patent applications with the European Patent Office, an increase of 41.33% from the 150 applications filed in 1998. A total of 49 applications were approved in 1999, an increase of 19.51% from the 41 approvals in 1998. Taiwan was not ranked among the leading countries filing patent applicatio
ns and receiving approvals in the EPO.
In Japan, Taiwan applicants filed 1,907 patent applications in 1999, an increase of 17.49% from the figure of 1,623 applications in 1998. A total of 1,362 applications were approved in 1999, a 15.71% increase over the figure of 1,177 from 1998. In 1999, Taiwan ranked sixth in the number of applications and fourth in the number of pat
ent approvals in Japan.
6、一九九九年美、日、德專利申請暨核准件數情形
依據經濟部智慧財產局日前發佈之新聞稿資料披露，1999年各主要先進國家專利之申請件數，以日本之405655件領先各國，美國之270187件及德國之252440件××則分居第二與第四，南韓及中國大陸並駕其驅，歐盟居第六，而我國名列第七。
至於專利核准案件方面，美國以153493件拔得頭籌，日本150059件居第二，德國則以119779件名列第三，南韓、中國大陸、歐盟緊追其後，本國仍列第七位。
而專利核准率部分，則以荷蘭97.18%最高、南韓80.13%居次、中國大陸74.61%排第三、美國56.81%第四，我國56.13%則名列第五。
又以1999年各主要先進國家向我國申請專利之件數而言，其中仍以日本之7468件領先各國，美國6201件直追其後，德國1456件排第三，南韓名列第四。至於專利核准案件方面，亦由日本拔得頭籌，美國居第二，德國名列第三。而專利核准率部分，則以加拿大65.43%為最高，依次為日本、德國及南韓，亦均有百分之60以上之核准率，較本國56.13%平均核准率為高，顯示各主要先進國家之發明（創作）品質較本國為高。
6.Taiwan Ranks Seventh in Global Patent Applications and Approvals
According to information provided by the Intellectual Property Office, Taiwan ranked seventh in the world in the number of patent
applications and approvals in 1999. Japan led developed cou
ntries in the number of patent applications in 1999 with a total of 405,655. The United States was second with 270,187 while Germany was third with 252,440. South Korea and mainland China ranked fourth and fifth with the European Union sixth.
For patent approvals in 1999, the United States led with 153,493 while Japan was second with 150,059, and Germany third with 119,779. South Korea, mainland China, and the European Union followed in that order. Taiwan was also ranked seventh for patent approvals.
The Netherlands finished first with a patent application approval rate of 97.18% in 1999 followed by South Korea (80.13%), mainland China (74.61%), the United States (56.81%), and Taiwan (56.13%).
Regarding patent applications from developed countries filed in Taiwan, Japan was the leading country with 7,468 in 1999 followed by the United States (6,201) and Germany (1,456). South Korea was fourth. Ranked in order of the number of patent approvals were Japan, the United States, and Germany. For patent approval percentage, Can
ada (65.43%) was first followed by Japan, Germany, and South Korea. The approval rates of all three of these countries were above 60%. Taiwan's approval rate was 56.13%.
司 法 報 導
Judicial Report
7、美國CAFC禁止Napster網站交換版權音樂
美國聯邦巡迴上訴法院（Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit－CAFC）於2001年2月12日判決，音樂網站Napster必須停止無條件免費讓網際網路使用者下載、交換未經授權之版權音樂的服務，否則應為使用者之違法行為負責，但並未諭令有6100萬用戶之Napster網站關閉。
判決指出，原判決對Napster下達之禁制令
，範圍過於廣泛，因此發回原審法院修正。該判決並指出Napster提供的免費數位下載服務，肯定會令版權所有人試圖提供付費服務的努力受到傷害。
上訴法院維持地方法院對Napster侵犯版權的原則，指出唱片業舉證了Napster用戶「直接侵權的初步證據」，惟表示原判決把所有防止複製、下載、傳送版權音樂的責任都歸於Napster，必須修正。
上訴法院表示，這個網站在知情的情況下，任由上網使用者直接侵犯版權，Napster可能要為網站使用者的侵權行為負責，因為它確實知道網站上某些音樂檔案有版權，卻未採取行動，防止它們在網路上傳布。上訴法院並指出，如要避免法律責任，Napster必須「巡邏」自己的網站，防止侵權行為，並防止使用者接觸搜尋目錄中有版權的歌曲。
（以上資料彙整自聯合報、中國時報及奇摩新聞民國90年2月14日相關報導）
US Appeals Court Prohibits Napster from Distributing
Copyrighted Music
On February 12, the US Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (CAFC) issued a ruling that Na
pster must cease allowing free and unconditional downloading and swapping of unlicensed, copyr
ighted music files by Internet users, or bear li
ability for their infringing conduct. However, it did not order the Napster site, with 61 mill
ion users, to close down. The ruling pointed out that the original injunction against Napster was too broad, and the case was remanded back to the original court for revision. The ruling also po
inted out that the Napster service providing f
ree digital downloads would be injurious to cop
yright holders' attempts to provide service for pay.
The appeals court maintained the principle that Napster was infringing copyright, referring to the recording industry's evidence that Napster users were engaging in direct violation of cop
yright. However, it held that the original jud
gment holding.
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