行政院院會通過「光碟管理條例草案」
經濟部基於加強光碟之管理，及兼顧業者、使用者之權益，並依據當前實際情形、盱衡未來發展狀況及參考有關國內、外立法例，特擬具「光碟管理條例」草案；行政院院會於九十年四月二十五日通過該草案，並將依法制作業函送立法院審議。本條例共三十條，其所稱之主管機關為經濟部，其要點如下：
(1)闡明光碟、母版、來源識別碼、事業、製造及製造機具之定義。
(2)製造光碟之管理：明定事業製造光碟者應申請許可、主管機關不予許可及撤銷許可之事項、光碟製造許可文件應記載之事項及有變更時應事先申請變更許可；事業應保存客戶訂單等資料及製造光碟僅得於許可文件上所載之場址為之等事宜。
(3)來源識別碼之管理：明定製造預錄式之雷射碟、唯讀記憶光碟、數位影碟、唯讀記憶數位影碟、雷射影碟、迷你光、影音光碟及其他經主管機關公告之光碟等光碟及其母版，應申請核發來源識別碼，並壓印來源識別碼。
(4)製造機具之管理：明定製造機具，非經主管機關許可，不得輸出或輸入；上開機具如有出賣、出借、出租、出質、報廢、遷移置放處所或其他移轉占有之情事時，原機具所有權人應向主管機關申請備查。
(5)派員查核：明定主管機關得隨時派員進入光碟、母版製造場所及其他有關處所等查核，並命提供有關資料，場所負責人或從業人員不得規避、妨礙或拒絕。
(6)罰則：違反本條例之規定，分別明定處罰標準，包括刑事罰或行政罰。其中未經許可從事光碟之製造者，可處一年以上三年以下有期徒刑；而未於許可文件所載之場址製造光碟者，則可處二年以下有期徒刑；另未申請核發光碟來源識別碼、未壓印標示光碟來源識別碼或為虛偽不實標示及將光碟來源識別碼交由他人使用於光碟之壓印標示等，也可處二年以下有期徒刑。而專供製造前項光碟之製造機具及光碟成品、半成品，不問屬於犯人與否，均沒收之。另輸出未壓印標示光碟來源識別碼之光碟，經海關查獲者，由海關依海關緝私條例規定，處以罰鍰及沒入其光碟，並檢樣通知主管機關依有關法令辦理。
(7)過渡條款：明定本條例施行前，已從事製造光碟之事業，應於本條例施行之日起三個月內，向主管機關申請核發光碟製造許可文件；另如事業已有其他非主管機關所發之識別碼者，應於本條例施行之日起三個月內，向主管機關申請備查，屆期未辦理者，視為未申請核發光碟來源識別碼。
Executive Yuan Approves Draft Optical Media
Management Law
The Executive Yuan on 25 April 2001 approved the draft Optical Media Management Law. The law, which requires approval by the Legislative Yuan, is intended to strengthen management of optical media and protect the rights of industry and consumers.
The draft law has 30 articles. Drafters referred to other Taiwan and foreign laws when drafting the law. They also consider the current and projected development of optical media technology. The agency designated to enforce the law is the Ministry of Economic Affairs (MOEA). The highlights of the draft law are as follows:
a. Definitions: optical media, master, source identification code, enterprise, manufacture, and manufacturing equipment.
b. Management of manufacture of optical media: Enterprises that engage in the manufacture of optical media must obtain permits. The draft law provides grounds when the MOEA may reject permit applications or when permits may be revoked. The draft also lists the items that must be provided in applications to manufacture optical media. Applications must be made in advance to amend applications. Enterprises must retain customer order forms. The manufacture of optical media pro
ducts may be conducted only at sites designated in permits.
c. Management of source identification codes: Properly issued source identification codes are required in order to engage in the manufacture of prerecorded laser disks, read-only memory optical media, digital video disks, read-only digital video disks, laser video disks, mini optical media, audio compact disks, other types of optical media designated by the MOEA and the masters of these products. The manufacturers of these products must imprint the source identification codes on the products.
d. Management of manufacturing equipment: Equipment used to manufacture optical media products may not be imported or exported without a permit issued by the MOEA. Equipment owners must notify the MOEA after selling, leasing, renting, pledging, retiring, moving, or otherwise transferring equipment.
e. Inspection: The MOEA may at any time dispatch personel to enter optical media or master manufacturing sites and related sites for the purposes of inspections. The MOEA may order the production of related information. The site's responsible person and employees may not evade inspection obligations nor hinder or refuse access of inspectors to the site.
f. Penalties: Criminal penalties and administrative sanctions are available for violations of the draft law. Persons who manufacture optical media without permits are subject to prison terms of one year to three years. Persons who manufacture optical media products at sites other than those recorded in permits are subject to prison terms of two years or less. Persons who do not obtain required source identification codes, fail to imprint products with source identification codes, engage in false labeling, or allow third parties to use their source identification codes are subject to prison terms of two years or less. Manufacturing equipment, optical media products, and semi-finished products connected to the illegal manufacture of optical media products are subject to seizure, regardless if the items are owned by the person engaged in the criminal activity. The attempted export of optical media products without required source identification codes shall be subject to antismuggling penalties and confiscation provisions enforced by Customs. Customs shall also notify related agencies of the alleged activities in order that those agencies may take proper action.
g. Transition provisions: Enterprises engaged in producing optical media products prior to the enforcement of the law must apply with the MOEA for a permit to manufacture optical media within three months after the enforcement of the law. Enterprises holding source identification codes issued by agencies other than the MOEA must apply for permits with the MOEA within three months after the enforcement of the law.
唯讀記憶體晶片標示執行方案公告修正
經濟部智慧財產局於民國九十年三月六日公告修正「唯讀記憶體晶片標示執行方案」，自即日起實施。茲將增訂及修正之內容等分述如下：
(1)第二章第一節有關廠商適用範圍，增訂第四項內容如下：
Mask-ROM晶片由國內廠商設計，國外廠商代工製造，其屬外貨復運者，無「唯讀記憶體晶片標示執行方案」之適用；其在國內封裝之加工附加價值率超過百分之三十五者，屬實質轉型之國貨出口，出口時應檢附設計廠商晶片標示登錄證明書影本一張。
(2)第三章第一節有關檢附晶片標示登錄證明書影本等文件事宜，增訂第三項內容如下：
廠商設計或生產之晶片係由他人出口，致出口人與晶片標示登錄證明書申請人不同時，該出口人應檢附相關交易文件、委託文件或授權文件，或檢附經登錄證明書申請人蓋章表明授權使用之登錄證明書影本，以供海關查核。
(3)第三章第一節有關廠商不配合執行本方案之因應方法，修訂如下：
1.配合執行本方案辦理晶片標示及晶片登錄之廠商，由主管機關所認可之晶片標示登錄機構，列入「登錄廠商清單」，並隨時更新，交由主管機關定期提供海關。清單內列名之廠商，出口Mask-ROM晶片時，僅須於出口報單備註欄內填註登錄證明書號碼，無須檢附晶片標示登錄證明書影本，海關亦無須查核，使其獲得通關上的便利。
2.未列入「登錄廠商清單」之廠商，須於出口報單備註欄內填註登錄證明書號碼，並檢附晶片標示登錄證明書影本，由海關查核，未檢附者，不准出口。
3.如發現「登錄廠商清單」內所列廠商，其產品未標示晶片標記、未辦理晶片標示登錄、其登錄涉有虛偽不實或有其他虛報出口等情事，應將該廠商自清單內除名，主管機關並應即通知關稅總局。除名期限原則上為三個月，情節嚴重時得加長至六個月。
4.海關查獲未檢附登錄證明書案件，依規定不准出口，並即通知主管機關及副知關稅總局。海關查核時發現可疑或接獲密報，可檢送晶片標示登錄證明書或貨樣逕送經濟部智慧財產局（以下簡稱智慧局）認可之任一晶片標示登錄機構進行核驗。出口貨樣經取樣送驗後，因飛機班次、船期所限或其他原因無法及時完成核驗時，為顧及人民權益，可由出口人向海關具結後，先予放行。登錄機構核驗結果，將通知海關及智慧局。
Mask ROM Marking Regulations Amended
On 6 March 2001, the Intellectual Property Office announced revisions to regulations governing the marking of mask ROM products. The revisions were effective immediately. The highlights of the revisions are as follows:
a. Regarding the scope of use by factories, a paragraph 4 was added to Chapter 2, Section 1 providing as follows:
Mask ROM chips designed by Taiwan firms for original equipment manufacture abroad shall be considered to be reexports and not subject to the requirements of marking. If the value added from packaging in Taiwan exceeds 35% of such products so they are considered to be exports from Taiwan, the exporter must submit a copy of the chip marki-
ng registration certificate of the designer when exporting the products.
b. Regarding submission of copies of chip marking Registration certificates, a paragraph 3 was added to Chapter 3, Section 1 providing as follows:
If an exporter exports chips designed or manufactured by third parties resulting in the name of the exporter being different than the name on the chip marking registration certificate, the exporter must provide to Customs documentation showing a commercial, commission, or licensing relationship, or submit a registration certificate chopped by the registrant stating that the exporter has the proper authorization.
c. Regarding firms which do not properly mark chips, Chapter 3, Section 1 was revised as follows:
Ⅰ.Firms that comply with regulations to mark and register chips may be included in a "registered firm list". The list is continuously updated and submitted to Customs. Listed firms are required only to state their registration certificate number on their export declarations when exporting mask ROM chips. These firms do not need to submit copies of chip marking registration certificates. In order to speed customs clearance, Customs is not required to inspect these exports.
Ⅱ.Firms which are not included on the "registered firm list" must state the numbers of their registration certificates on their export declarations and submit copies of their chip marking registration certificates. Customs will not allow exports from exporters that do not satisfy these requirements.
Ⅲ.If a firm that is listed on the registered firm list is found not to have marked its chips, not complied with chip marking registration, or is suspected of false or other inaccurate reporting of exports, the name of the firm shall be removed from the registered firm list and the competent authority shall immediately notify the Directorate General of Customs. The time period for removal in principle shall be three months. In serious cases, the time period may be extended six months.
Ⅳ.If Customs discovers exports of chips without the submission of required registration certificates, Customs shall not allow the export of the goods and immediately notify the competent authority and the Directorate General of Customs. If Customs discovers suspicious activity or receives a tip-off, Customs may transfer the chip marking registration certificate or product samples to a chip marking registration agency designated by the Intellectual Property Office for testing. The exporter may post a bond to release the products if testing may not be completed in a timely fashion due to air or sea shipment deadlines. The registration agency shall notify Customs and the IPO after testing is completed.
智慧局公告修正專利優先權日審查基準
經濟部智慧財產局於九十年一月八日公告修正該局八十七年三月十二日公開之專利審查基準第五章「優先權日」第1-5-6頁(3)之內容。原基準第1-5-6頁內容規定「(3)申請人應於申請之日起三個月內檢送經該國政府證明受理之申請文件正本並須附首頁影本及中譯本各乙份，…。」較專利法第二十五條不以正本為限之規定嚴格，爰將該頁內容修正為「(3)申請人應於申請之日起三個月內檢送經該國政府證明受理之申請文件，逾期未檢送者，優先權主張不予受理。」
original Copies of Foreign Applications No Longer Required for Priority Applications
On 8 January 2001, the Intellectual Property Office announced that applicants no longer are required to submit the original copies of foreign patent applications when claiming priority in Taiwan. Under an amendment to the Patent Examination Standards, copies of applications filed in the foreign countries may be submitted when a patent applicant claims priority in Taiwan.
The amendment was intended to bring the examination standards into conformance with Article 25 of the Patent Law, which does not require that the original copies of the foreign patent applications be submited when priority is claimed.
專利法第五十九條之「登記」時點
經濟部智慧財產局於民國九十年三月二十八日表示，依專利法第五十九條規定，專利權讓與、授權不以登記為生效要件，讓與或授權契約當事人間，於意思表示合致時即已生效，至於對第三人之效力，則非經登記不得對抗，按此之登記，係以專利專責機關准予登記之日為準。
IPO Clarifies Effective Date for Assignments, Licenses of Patents
Article 59 of the Patent Law provides that patent assignments or licenses are not available as defenses against third parties unless the assignments or licenses are first registered with the Intellectual Property Office. On 28 March 2001, the IPO announced that the effective date for agreements in which the parties express that the agreements be effective immediately for the purposes of Article 59 shall be the date that the IPO approves the registrations of the assignments or licenses.
食品工業發展研究所受託辦理「專利微生物寄存」
經濟部智慧財產局依據專利法第二十六條及行政程序法第十六條等規定，於民國九十年三月一日公告委託財團法人食品工業發展研究所辦理「專利微生物寄存」之業務，自九十年一月一日起至九十年十二月三十一日止。該所地址：新竹市食品路三三一號，電話：03-5223191
IPO Designates Microorganism Deposit Institute
On 1 March 2001, the Intellectual Property Office announced that the Food Industry Research and Development Institute (FIRDI) had been designated to handle deposits of microorganisms relating to invention patent applications for 2001. The designation was made in accordance with Article 26 of the Patent Law and Article 16 of the Administrative Procedure Law. The FIRDI is located at No. 331, Shihpin Road, Hsinchu, Taiwan. Its telephone number is 886-3-522-3191.
商標法最新修正草案
經濟部智慧財產局於日前擬具商標法最新修正草案，並廣徵建言，以為修正參考。該草案計新增四十條、刪除十六條、修正五十四條。修正要點含括（1）增訂聲音及立體商標、產地證明標章及團體商標（2）加強保護著名商標或標章及酒類地理標示（3）採行一申請案可指定多種類別之制度、分割制度及註冊後異議制度（4）廢除聯合商標及逐步廢除防護商標制度、廢除延展註冊申請之實體審查（5）刪除申請廢止案之利害關係人資格限制（6）評定與廢止案件採行不經訴願逕提行政訴訟。
Draft Trademark Law Amendment Released
The Intellectual Property Office recently released a draft of the amended Trademark Law in order to solicit public comment. Compared to the current Trademark Law, the draft contains 40 new articles while deleting 16 articles. A total of 54 existing articles were revised. The highlights of the draft amendment are as follows:
a. adding sound and three-dimensional trademarks, place of origin certification marks, and collective trademarks;
b. strengthening protection for famous trademarks and alcohol geographic indications;
c. adopting a multi-classification single application system, separate application system, and opposition after registration system;
d. abolishing associated trademarks, gradually eliminating defensive trademarks, and abolishing substantive examination for trademark extension applications;
e. eliminating the limitation on cancellation actions to "concerned persons"; and
f. adopting a review system where review and cancelation cases are appealed directly to Administra tive Court instead of through the current appeal process.
智慧局舉辦校園著作權法說明會
鑑於近來校園內網路利用他人著作行為極為普遍，緣此，經濟部智慧財產局自四月二十四日起於台大、政大、東海
、中正、成大及中山大學依序辦理六場著作權法說明會， 期使藉由面對面之溝通與意見交流，籲請學子們支持並積極建立尊重保護著作權之觀念。
IPO Urges College Students to Protect Copyrights
The Intellectual Property Office began a series of six copyright seminars on 24 April 2001 on college campuses around Taiwan. The seminars were intended to address the common practice on campuses of using the Internet. The IPO planned to use face-to-face communication with students in order to promote the protection of copyrights.
The seminars were held at National Taiwan University, National Chengchi University, Tunghai University, National Chung Cheng University, National Cheng Kung University, and National Sun Yat-sen University.
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